(1) nciphisa amahora owodwa okusebenza
Okokuqala, izinyathelo zokucubungula ukunciphisa isikhathi esiyisisekelo. Ekukhiqizeni inqwaba, ngoba isikhathi esiyisisekelo sibalwa ngengxenye enkulu yesikhathi seyunithi, ukukhiqiza kungathuthukiswa ngokunciphisa isikhathi esiyisisekelo. Izindlela eziphambili zokunciphisa isikhathi eziyisisekelo zimi ngalendlela elandelayo:
1. Ukwandisa inani lokusika, ukwandisa isivinini sokusika, isilinganiso sokuphakelayo kanye nenani lokusika emuva linganciphisa isikhathi esiyisisekelo. Le yindlela ephumelelayo yokwandisa umkhiqizo osetshenziswe kabanzi kwimishini. Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukhawulelwe ukuqina kwethuluzi, amandla ethuluzi lomshini, kanye nobulukhuni bohlelo lwenqubo. Ngokuvela kwezinto ezintsha zamathuluzi, ijubane lokusika lithuthuke ngokushesha. Njengamanje, ijubane lokusika lamathuluzi wokuguqula ama-carbide olungiselelwe okwesikhashana angafinyelela ku-200m / min, futhi ijubane lokusika lamathuluzi obuse-ceramic lingafinyelela ama-500m / min. Eminyakeni yamuva, ijubane lokusika le-polycrystalline diamond diamond kanye ne-polycrystalline cubic boron nitride amathuluzi wokusika izinto ezijwayelekile zensimbi ifinyelela ku-900m / min. Ngokuya ngokugaya, umkhuba wentuthuko eminyakeni yamuva nje ukugaya okusheshayo nokugaya okunamandla.
2. Ukunciphisa okuningi kusetshenziswa ngasikhathi sinye.
3. Le ndlela yokusebenza kwezingcezu eziningi ukunciphisa isikhathi sokusika nokusika kwethuluzi noma ukunqamula isikhathi esiyisisekelo, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise isikhathi esiyisisekelo sokucubungula ingxenye ngayinye yokuthuthukisa umkhiqizo. Kunezindlela ezintathu zokucubungula iziqeshana eziningi: Ukusebenza okulandelanayo okuningana, ukucubungula okuhambisanayo okuhambisanayo, nokusebenza okulandelanayo okuhambisana nokulandelana okulandelanayo.
4. Yehlisa isibonelelo semishini. Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe njengokuphonswa ngokunemba, ukuphoqelela ingcindezi, okusetshenziselwa ukuqondisisa ukuthuthukisa ukunemba kokukhiqiza okungenalutho futhi kunciphise isibonelelo semishini ukunciphisa isikhathi esiyisisekelo, kwesinye isikhathi noma ngaphandle kwemishini, okungakuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwemishini.
Okwesibili, nciphisa isikhathi esisizayo. Isikhathi esisizayo futhi sihlala ingxenye enkulu yesikhathi socezu olulodwa, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuthi inani lokusika likhuphuke kakhulu, isikhathi esiyisisekelo sehliswa kakhulu, futhi ingxenye yesikhathi esisizayo iphakeme kakhulu. Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa isikhathi esisizayo ngalesi sikhathi sesiphenduke isiqondiso esibalulekile sokwenza ngcono umkhiqizo. Kunezindlela ezimbili ezihlukile zokunciphisa isikhathi esisizayo. Eyokuqala ukuzokwenza ngomshini futhi aguqule izenzo ezisizayo, ngaleyo ndlela zinciphisa ngqo isikhathi esisizayo; Enye ukwenza isikhathi esisizayo sihambisane nesikhathi esiyisisekelo futhi sinciphise ngokungaqondile isikhathi esisizayo.
1. Ngokuqondile yehlisa isikhathi esisizayo. Isikhungo somsebenzi siboshwe ngombala okhethekile, umsebenzi wokusebenza awudingi ukuhambisaniswa ngesikhathi sokuhlasela, okunganciphisa isikhathi sokulayisha nokulayisha i-workpie. Ekukhiqizeni okukhulu, ama-pneumatic asebenza kahle kwe-pneulatic kanye nama-hydraulic asetshenziswa kabanzi ukufinyeza isikhathi sokulayisha nokulayisha kwemisebenzi yokulayisha. Emkhiqizweni omncane we-batch omncane, ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwezindleko zokukhiqiza zokulungiswa okukhethekile, ukuze kufinyeze isikhathi sokulayisha nokulayisha kwemisebenzi, ukulungiswa okuguqukayo kanye nokulungiswa okuguqukayo kungasetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze unciphise isikhathi esisizayo sokumisa ukukalwa ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa, idivaysi esebenzayo yokuthola noma idivaysi yokubonisa yedijithali ingasetshenziselwa ukwenza isilinganiso sangempela ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa kwesikhathi esidingekayo ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa. Idivayisi esebenzayo yokuthola ingalinganisa usayizi wangempela wendawo emnyama ngesikhathi senqubo mailleingling, bese ulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ithuluzi lomshini bese ulawula umjikelezo wokusebenza ngokusho komphumela wokulinganisa okuzenzakalelayo. Idivayisi yokubonisa yedijithali ingakwazi ukukhombisa ngokuqondile ukunyakaza noma ukuthunyelwa kwe-angular kwethuluzi lomshini ngesikhathi senqubo mailmailining noma inqubo yokulungiswa kwethuluzi lomshini, elisindisa kakhulu isikhathi esisizayo sokulinganisa okusizayo.
2. Futsa ngokungaqondile isikhathi esisizayo. Ukuze wenze isikhathi esisizayo kanye nesikhathi esiyisisekelo sokuqoqa ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye, ukulungiswa kwesiteshi esiningi kanye nendlela eqhubekayo yokucubungula kungasetshenziswa.
3. nciphisa isikhathi sokuhlela indawo yokusebenza. Isikhathi esiningi esichithwa ekuhleleni indawo yokusebenza sisetshenziselwa amathuluzi aguqukayo. Ngakho-ke, inani lezinguquko zamathuluzi kufanele lincishiswe futhi isikhathi esidingekayo ekushintsheni kwethuluzi ngalinye kufanele sincishiswe. Ukwenza ngcono ukuqina kwethuluzi kunganciphisa inani lezinguquko zamathuluzi. Ukuncishiswa kwesikhathi sokushintsha kwamathuluzi kutholakala ikakhulukazi ngokwenza ngcono indlela yokufaka ithuluzi kanye nokusetshenziswa kokulungiswa kwamathuluzi. Njengokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi ahlukahlukene okushintsha okusheshayo, izindlela zokuhlelwa okuhle kwamathuluzi, izifanekiso ezikhethekile zokusetha ithuluzi noma amasampula wokusetha ithuluzi, kanye namadivayisi wokushintsha ithuluzi, njll., Ukunciphisa isikhathi esidingekayo sokulayishwa kwamathuluzi nokulayisha futhi Ukuhlelwa kwamathuluzi. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi wokufaka we-carbide angenakufinyeleleka kuma-lathe kanye nemishini yokugaya akugcini nje ngokunciphisa inani lezinguquko zamathuluzi, kepha futhi kunciphisa isikhathi sokulayishwa kwamathuluzi nokulayisha, ukusethwa kwamathuluzi kanye nokulinyazwa.
4. Inqubo yenqubo yokunciphisa ukulungiswa nesikhathi sokuqeda amandla. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokunciphisa ukulungiswa kanye nesikhathi sokuqeda: Okokuqala, yandisa i-batch yokukhiqiza yemikhiqizo ukuze inciphise ukulungiswa kanye nesikhathi sokuqedwa esabelwe engxenyeni ngayinye; Okwesibili, yehlisa ngokuqondile isikhathi sokulungiselela nesikhathi sokuqedwa. Ukwanda kwamabhethri okukhiqiza umkhiqizo kungatholakala ngokuma okumele kanye nokujwayelekile kwezingxenye, futhi ubuchwepheshe beqembu bungasetshenziswa ukuhlela ukukhiqizwa.
(2) Yenza ukuqondisa kwamathuluzi omshini amaningi
Ukunakekelwa kwamathuluzi amaningi womshini kuyindlela ethuthukisiwe yenhlangano yabasebenzi. Kuyacaca ukuthi isisebenzi esisodwa singaphatha amathuluzi omshini amaningi ngasikhathi sinye ukuthuthukisa umkhiqizo, kepha kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nezimo ezimbili ezidingekayo: ukuthi uma umuntu oyedwa enakekela imishini ye-M, isamba samahora okusebenza kwabasebenzi kunoma iyiphi Amathuluzi womshini we-M-1 kufanele abe ngaphansi kwenye isikhathi sokuqondisa sethuluzi lomshini; Okwesibili ukuthi ithuluzi ngalinye lomshini kufanele libe nedivayisi yokupaka ezenzakalelayo.
(3) Kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe
1. Ukulungiswa okunzima. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha njengokukhishwa okubandayo, ukukhishwa okushisayo, i-powder metlugy, ukucacisa kwe-powder, nokuqhuma kokuqhuma kungakuthuthukisa kakhulu ukunemba kokungenamaini, kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwemishini, kunciphise kakhulu izinto ezivuthiwe.
2. Ukucutshungulwa okukhethekile. Ngezinkinga ezinzima kakhulu, ezinzima kakhulu, nezinye izinto ezinzima kakhulu nezinye izinto ezinzima ukucubungula noma amaphrofayli ayinkimbinkimbi, ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezikhethekile zokucubungula kungathuthukisa kakhulu umkhiqizo. Uma okujwayelekile kufa kusetshenziselwa umshini we-electrolytic, isikhathi semishini singancishiswa kusuka emahoreni angama-40 kuye kwangama-50 kuye kumahora ayi-1 kuye kwayi-2.
3. Sebenzisa ukucubungula okuncane futhi akukho ukusika. Njengegiya lokukhishwa okubandayo, izikulufo ezigoqekayo, njll.
4. Thuthukisa izindlela zokucubungula, ukunciphisa izindlela zokucubungula kanye nezingasebenzi kahle. Isibonelo, ekukhiqizeni okukhulu, ukugcotshwa kanye nokugoqa kusetshenziswa esikhundleni sokugaya, ukumane, kanye nokugaya, nokuhlelwa okuhle, ukugaya okuhle, ne-diamond boring kusetshenziswa esikhundleni sokuhlanza.
(4) Kusetshenziswa uhlelo lokukhiqiza oluzenzakalelayo
Uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo lokukhiqiza luyinto ephelele ehlanganiswe uhla oluthile lwezinto ezicutshungulwe, imishini ehlukahlukene eneleveli ethile yokuguquguquka nokuzenzakalela, kanye nabantu abasezingeni eliphakeme. Yamukela imininingwane yangaphandle, amandla, imali, izingxenye ezisekelayo kanye nezinto zokwakha ezivuthiwe, njll. Ngaphansi kwesenzo esihlanganyelwe sohlelo lokulawula amakhompyutha, isilinganiso esithile sokukhiqiza okuguquguqukayo okuzenzakalelayo siyatholakala, futhi ekugcineni imikhiqizo, amadokhumenti, izinto zokwakha imfucuza ezimoyeni akhipha. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo izimo zabasebenzi, kukhuphule kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwabasebenzi, ukuthuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kufinyeze kahle umjikelezo wokukhiqiza, futhi kunciphise kakhulu izindleko zokukhiqiza.
2. Design Izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa umkhiqizo wemishini
Lapho uklama, ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwezingxenye zomkhiqizo, isakhiwo esiyingxenye kufanele senziwe ngobuchwepheshe obuhle bokucubungula, kanye nezinto zokwakha ngobuchwepheshe obuhle bokucubungula kufanele zikhethwe ukunciphisa ubunzima bokucubungula, futhi bathole ukukhiqizwa kwezomnotho okuhle.
(1) Thuthukisa ubuciko bezinhlekelele ezihlelekile
Ukuze wenze imikhiqizo emishini ibe nesakhiwo esihle nokwenza izinto ezilandelayo, lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo zivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni:
1. Thuthukisa "okuthathu" kwezinto ezintathu "zezingxenye nezingxenye (ukuma okujwayelekile kwezingxenye, ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye, kanye nokuqina komkhiqizo), zama ukusebenzisa inqubo ebonakalayo kanye nezingxenye ezihleliwe nezingxenye, bese uzama ukuboleka umkhiqizo okhona wefekthri Uhlobo olufanayo lwezingxenye zenza isakhiwo esiklanyelwe sibe nefa elihle.
2. Sebenzisa izingxenye nge-geometry elula ye-geometry bese uwahlelela endizeni efanayo noma kwi-axis efanayo ngangokunokwenzeka ukwenza lula ukucubungula nokukalwa.
3. Inqume ngokufanele ukunemba kwezingxenye zokukhiqiza kanye nokunemba kwemikhiqizo. Esisekelweni sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza komkhiqizo, ukunemba okukhiqizayo kanye nokunemba komhlangano kufanele kuncishiswe ngangokunokwenzeka.
4. Khulisa isilinganiso sezingxenye ezenziwe ngezindlela ezingezona zokunciphisa ukucubungula nezingxenye ezenziwe ngezindlela ezibiza izindleko eziphansi. Ngokusobala, ubukhulu bengxenye yalezi zingxenye ezimbili emkhiqizweni, okungcono ukwakheka komkhiqizo.
(2) Khetha impahla yokusebenza ngokusebenza kahle kokusika
Imishini yezinto zokusebenza ze-WorkPere ithinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kokusika, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yezingxenye. Lapho uklama imikhiqizo, kuyadingeka ukukhetha izinto zokwenziwa zokusebenza ngokusebenza kahle kokusika futhi uthathe izindlela zokwelashwa okushisa ezingathuthukisa ukusebenza kokuqina kwezinto ezingaphansi kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza komkhiqizo, ukuze kukhuphule izindleko zokukhiqiza nokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza.
Imishini yezinto zokwakha ikakhulukazi incike ngezakhiwo ezingokomzimba nezemishini zezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngokuvamile, izinto zokwakha ezinamandla nobulukhuni obuphezulu, ipulasitiki enhle nokuqina, futhi ukuqina okumpofu okushisayo kube nokusebenza kabi kokusika, okuphambene nalokho.
Ekukhiqizweni kwangempela, ukwelashwa kokushisa kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuguqula ukwakheka kwe-metallographic kanye nezindawo zemishini yezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze uthuthukise umsebenzi wezinto zokusebenza. Okwe-Hardeness Hardness CASTIR, ukuguquguquka okuthe xaxa okusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziselwa ukuguqula i-flake graphite ukunciphisa ubulukhuni futhi uthuthukise imishini yezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini akusona isibuyekezo somqondo wenqubo kuphela, kepha futhi nokwenza ngcono umqondo wokuphatha. Amathuluzi wokusika athuthukile namathuluzi omshini asetshenziselwa ukubona ukusika okuphezulu nokusebenza kahle. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubuchwepheshe obuhlobene nezindlela zokuphatha busetshenziselwa ukwandisa lonke ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula, futhi izindlela ezahlukahlukene zisetshenziselwa ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle futhi kufinyelelwe ukusika okusheshayo. Ukusika okusebenzayo, ukucubungula okusebenzayo.
