(1) Ukukhetha kwezindlela zokucubungula
Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokucubungula ukuqinisekisa ukunemba okusebenzayo kanye nobunzima bendawo ecubunguliwe. Ngoba kunezindlela eziningi zokucubungula ukufezekisa izinga elifanayo lokunemba nobulukhuni obungaphezulu, kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa ukwakheka, usayizi, kanye nezidingo zokwelashwa zokushisa kwezingxenye lapho ukhetha ukuzilolonga. Isibonelo, izindlela zemishini efana nesidina, ukugqama, nokugaya izimbobo zokunemba ze-IT7-Level zihlangabezana nezidingo zokunemba, kepha izimbobo ezisebhokisini lomzimba zivame ukusebenzisa okuyisidina noma zivuka esikhundleni sokugaya. Ngokuvamile, ukucekelwa phansi kufanele kukhethwe izimbobo zebhokisi elincane, futhi isicefe kufanele sikhethwe lapho ububanzi bomgodi bukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele futhi sicabangele isidingo sesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kanye nomnotho, kanye nesimo esisebenzayo semishini yabathengi befekthri. Ukunemba kwezomnotho kanye nobunzima bezindlela ezijwayelekile zokucubungula kungatholakala kwizincwadi ezifanele zenqubo.
(2) Umbusi wezintambo onohlelo oluthile lokucubungula
Imishini yezindawo zokunemba eziqhathaniswa ezingxenyeni ezingxenyeni zivame ukufinyelelwa kancane kancane ngokusebenzisa imishini enzima, ukuqeda ukuqeda ukuqeda. Akwanele kulezi zindawo ukukhetha indlela ehambisanayo yokucubungula ngokususelwa kwizidingo zekhwalithi, kanye nohlelo lokucubungula kusuka kokungenalutho kuye kwaqunjelwa ukwakheka okuhle. Lapho kunqunywa uhlelo lokucubungula, okokuqala, ngokuya ngezidingo zokunemba nokuqina komhlaba kwendawo eyinhloko, kufanele kube yindlela yokucubungula edingekayo ukufinyelela kulezi zidingo. Isibonelo, izimbobo ezinobubanzi obuncane bokunemba kwe-IT7, lapho indlela yokugcina yokucubungula ihle kakhulu, ngokuvamile icutshungulwa ngokumba, i-Riming, futhi i-rough riaming ngaphambi kokuvuka okuhle.
Okwesine, umehluko phakathi kwezinqubo nezinyathelo
(1) umehluko wenqubo
Ukucubungula izingxenye kwithuluzi lomshini we-CNC kungagxiliswa kakhulu kwinqubo, futhi iningi noma zonke izinqubo zingaphothulwa ngangokunokwenzeka ekusethweni okukodwa. Okokuqala, ngokusho komdwebo wengxenye, cabanga ngokuthi yingxenye esetshenzisiwe ingakuqedela ukucubungula kwengxenye yonke ngethuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Uma kungenjalo, kufanele unqume ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye ezocutshungulwa kwithuluzi lomshini we-CNC nokuthi iyiphi ingxenye ezocubungulwa kwamanye amathuluzi emishini. Izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zezingxenye ziyanqanyulwa.
(2) ukwahlukaniswa kwezinyathelo zomsebenzi
Umehluko wezinyathelo zokusebenza kufanele ubhekwe ikakhulukazi ezicini zokunemba kwemishini. Ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhethe amathuluzi ahlukene namapharamitha wokusika kwinqubo, futhi uyeke ukucubungula ezindaweni ezihlukile. Ukuze wenze lula ukuhlaziya kanye nencazelo yenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, inqubo ihlukaniswe izinyathelo. Lokhu okulandelayo kuthatha isikhungo semishini njengesibonelo ukukhombisa umbusi wezintambo ukuze uthole izinyathelo zokucubungula:
1) Umhlaba ofanayo uqediwe ngokugoqa, ukuqeda ama-semi, nokuqeda, noma zonke izindawo ezisetshenzisiwe zihlukaniswe ngokugoqa nokuqeda.
2) Ezingxenyeni zobuso bobabili obunjiwe kanye nezimbobo ezijabulisayo, ubuso bungahle bube bodwa bese buya isidina. Ngokwale ndlela ukuhlukanisa izinyathelo zomsebenzi, ungaqhubekisela phambili ukunemba komgodi. Ngenxa yamandla aphezulu wokusika ngesikhathi sokugaya, umsebenzi wokusebenza uthambekele ekuguqukeni. Ubuso buyamiswa bese umgodi unesithukuthezi ukuvumela isikhathi sokubuyiselwa emuva ukunciphisa umthelela ngokunemba komgodi obangelwa yi-deformation.
3) Hlukanisa izinyathelo zomsebenzi ngethuluzi. Isikhathi sokubuyela emuva kwamathuluzi athile omshini sifushane kunesikhathi sokushintsha kwethuluzi. Ungakhetha ukuhlukanisa izinyathelo zomsebenzi ngethuluzi ukunciphisa inani lezinguquko zamathuluzi bese uqhubekisela phambili amandla okucubungula.
Ngamafuphi, umehluko phakathi kwezinqubo nezinyathelo kufanele kubhekwe ngokufanele ngokususelwa kuzici zesakhiwo zezingxenye ezithile, izidingo zamakhono nezinye izimiso.
Ezinhlanu, ukukhethwa kwemishini kanye nokulungiswa kwezingxenye
(1) Umbusi wezintambo we-Base wedivayisi yokuma
1) Lwela ukuhambisana namabhentshi wokuhlela, inqubo yokuhlela kanye nokuhlela.
2) Zama ukunciphisa inani lezikhathi zokubopha, futhi ucubungule zonke izindawo ezizocutshungulwa ngemuva kokuma nokubopha kanye okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
3) Gwema ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokucubungula ukulungiswa kwe-Manual ezihlala emshinini ukuze unikeze ukudlala okugcwele kumathuluzi womshini we-CNC.
(2) Ukukhetha umbusi wezintambo wesisekelo sokulungiswa
Izici zemishini ye-CNC Beka phambili izidingo ezimbili eziyisisekelo zokulungiswa: Okokuqala ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuqondiswa kokuhlelwa kwesiqongo kugxilwe ngokuqondiswa kwethuluzi lomshini; Enye ukuvumelanisa ubudlelwano obusezingeni eliphakathi kwengxenye nohlelo lomshini lokuxhumanisa uhlelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele sicabangele amaphuzu amane alandelayo:
1) Lapho i-batch yezingxenye ingeyona enkulu, ukulungiswa okuguqukayo, ukulungiswa okuguqukayo kanye nokunye ukulungiswa okujwayelekile kufanele kusetshenziswe ngangokunokwenzeka ukunciphisa isikhathi sokulungiselela ukukhiqiza bese kugcina izindleko zokusetshenziswa.
2) Cabanga kuphela ngokusetshenziswa kokulungiswa okukhethekile lapho ukusetshenziswa okukhulu, bese ulwela ukuba nesakhiwo esilula.
3) Ukulayisha nokulayisha kwezingxenye kufanele kube okusheshayo, kube lula futhi kuthembeke futhi kunciphise isikhathi sokumisa umshini.
4) Izingxenye ezikulolungelwa akufanele zivimbele imishini yobuso bezingxenye ithuluzi lomshini, okungukuthi, ukulungiswa kufanele kuvulwe kanye nokuma kwalo, futhi izingxenye zekhekhe lemishini akufanele zithinte ukunqunywa ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa (okufana ama-bumps, njll.).
Eziyisithupha, ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi namapharamitha wokusika kunqunywa
(1) Ukukhetha kwamathuluzi
Ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi okusika kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile kwinqubo yama-CNC Machching. Akunandaba kuphela amandla wemishini yethuluzi lomshini, kepha futhi lithinta ngqo ikhwalithi yemishini. Lapho uhlelo, ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi ngokuvamile kudinga ukucatshangelwa kwezinto ezifana namakhono okucubungula kwethuluzi lomshini, okuqukethwe kwenqubo, kanye nokuqukethwe komsebenzi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zemishini yendabuko, umshini we-CNC unezidingo eziphakeme zamathuluzi wokusika. Akukona nje kuphela ukucacisa okuphezulu, ukuqina okuhle, nokuqina okuphezulu, kepha futhi kudinga ubukhulu ezinzile kanye nokulungiswa kwemishini elula. Lokhu kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha nezisezingeni eliphezulu ukuze kukhiqizwe amathuluzi wemishini ye-CNC, nokwenza kahle kwamapharamitha e-TOOL.
Lapho ukhetha Ithuluzi, ubukhulu bethuluzi kufanele lihambisane nobukhulu bendawo kanye nokwakheka kwe-workpiece kusetshenzwe. Esezinhlelweni zokukhiqizwa, ama-End Mills ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukucubungula izingxenye ze-peripheral zezingxenye ezifulethi. Lapho ugeleza izindiza, kufanele ukhethe u-carbide wokufaka u-carbide wokufaka ama-milling; Lapho ucubungula abaphathi kanye nama-grooves, khetha ama-end mill aphetho aphezulu; Lapho ucubungula izimbotshana ezinzima noma izimbobo zemishini ezinokhahlo, ungakhetha ama-carbide wokufaka ama-carbide wokufaka ama-milling cutter. Lapho ukhetha isigayo esiphelo sokucutshungulwa, amapharamitha afanele ethuluzi anconyelwa ukuthi akhethwe ngokuya ngemininingwane yokuhlangenwe nakho. Abasiki be-Ball-End Milling cutter bavame ukusetshenziselwa ukucubungula okungaphezulu, kepha lapho becubungula izindawo ezifuywayo, umsiki usikwa onqenqemeni oluphezulu lokuphela kwebhola, futhi izimo zokusika zimpofu, ngakho-ke izimo zokusika kufanele zisetshenziswe. Esiqeshini esisodwa noma ukukhiqizwa okuncane kwe-batch, ukuze ungene esikhundleni samathuluzi womshini wokuxhumanisa ama-multi amaningi, ama-Drum cutter noma ama-contocal cuters asetshenziselwa ukucubungula ezinye izingxenye ze-bevel eziguquguqukayo ezindizeni zezindiza, ezilungele umshini we-CNC Amathuluzi anokuxhumana kwe-axis ezinhlanu. Ngokucutshungulwa okuphezulu kwezinye izindawo eziyindilinga, amandla alo acishe aphikeke kayishumi kunowomsiki wokugaya webhola, futhi ukunemba okuhle kungatholwa.
Esikhungweni semishini, amathuluzi ahlukahlukene afakwa ngokwehlukile kumagazini wamathuluzi, nokukhethwa kwamathuluzi kanye nokuHlolwa Kwethuluzi Ukumiswa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngokuya ngemithetho yohlelo. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuba ube nesethi yokuxhuma izinduku zokuxhuma amathuluzi ajwayelekile, ngakho-ke amathuluzi ajwayelekile asetshenziswe ekubizeni, okuyisidina, ukunwebeka, ukulungiswa kwezinye izinqubo kungafakwa ngokushesha nangokunembile umagazini umshini ithuluzi. Njengohlelo lwezinhlelo, kufanele uqonde ubukhulu bezinhlelo kanye nezindlela zokulungisa umnikazi wamathuluzi ezisetshenziswe kwithuluzi lomshini, bese ulungisa isikali ukuze ubukhulu be-radio ne-axial bunqunywa ngesikhathi sezinhlelo. Njengamanje, isikhungo sezwe lami sisebenzisa uhlelo lwe-TSG East-West, futhi i-shank yayo inezinhlobo ezimbili: i-sthank eqondile (imininingwane emithathu) kanye ne-tapered shank (imininingwane emine), kufaka phakathi ingqikithi yezinhloso ezi-16.
(2) Inani lokusika linqunywa
Inani lokusika lifaka ijubane le-spindle (isivinini sokusika), inani lokusika emuva, nenani lokuphakelayo. Mayelana nezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokucubungula, amapharamitha ahlukene wokusika adinga ukukhethwa, futhi kufanele ahlanganiswe ohlwini lohlelo. Ukukhetha okufanelekile kwenani lokusika lombusi wezintambo yilokho ngesikhathi semishini enokhahlo, izinga lokusebenzisa phambili ngokuvamile liyisici esikhulu, kepha izindleko zomnotho kanye nokusebenza kufanele nazo kufanele zibhekwe; Ukuqeda ukuqeda nokuqeda kufanele kuhlanganiswe nesakhiwo sokuqinisekisa amandla ekhwalithi, ezomnotho kanye nezindleko zokucubungula. Inani elithile kufanele linqunywe ngokuya nge-Machine Tool Manual, ukusika parameter Manual, kanye nesipiliyoni esihlukile.
Eziyisikhombisa, indawo yokusetha ithuluzi kanye nephuzu lokushintsha kwamathuluzi kunqunywa
Lapho uHlelo, kufanele ukhethe kahle ukuqondiswa kwe- "Ithuluzi lokubeka iphuzu" kanye ne- "Ithuluzi Lokushintsha Ithuluzi". I- "Tool Setting Point" iyiphuzu lokuqala lethuluzi elihlobene nokuhamba komsebenzi we-workpiece lapho izingxenye zemishini kwithuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Ngoba ingxenye yohlelo iqale yabulawa kusukela kuleli phuzu, iphoyinti lokusetha kwamathuluzi libizwa nangokuthi "Uhlelo Lokuqala Lamathuluzi" noma "Iphoyinti Lokuqalisa Ithuluzi".
Umbusi wezintambo wokukhetha i-Knife Point yile:
1. Lungiselela ukusetshenziswa kokucubungula kwedijithali futhi yenza lula uhlelo;
2. Kulula ukuvumelanisa kwithuluzi lomshini futhi kulula ukulihlola ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa;
3. Iphutha lokucubungula elibangelwa lincane.
Iphuzu lokubeka ithuluzi lingakhethwa kwisisebenzi sokusebenza noma ngaphandle kwesisebenzi somsebenzi (ngokwesibonelo, ku-FIXTRE noma kwithuluzi lomshini), kepha kufanele kube nokuxhumana okungusayizi othile we-datum wengxenye. Ukuze uqhubekele phambili ukunemba kwemishini, iphuzu lokusetha kwamathuluzi kufanele likhethwe ngangokunokwenzeka kwisethenjwa sokuhlela noma inkomba yengxenye yengxenye, njenge-workpiepe ibekwe yi-hole, maphakathi nomgodi ungakhethwa njengethuluzi ukubeka iphuzu. Ukumenyezelwa kwethuluzi kuqondaniswe nalomgodi, ukuze i- "ithuluzi lesikhundla" kanye "nephuzu lokubeka ithuluzi" lihambisana. Indlela ejwayelekile yokulinganisa emafektri ukufaka inkomba yokudayela kwithuluzi lomshini womshini, bese ugoqa ithuluzi lomshini ukukhala ukwenza "ithuluzi lesikhundla" elihlukile endaweni yokubeka ithuluzi. Okungcono ukungalingani, kukhuphuka ukunemba kokuhlelwa kwamathuluzi. Okubizwa nge- "ithuluzi lendawo Indawo" kubhekisele esicongweni sethuluzi lokuguqula kanye nethuluzi elijabulisayo; Ithiphu yokumba; Isikhungo sendawo engaphansi yokugaya okuphetho kanye nekhanda lokugaya, kanye nesikhungo sebhola ukuphela kwesigayo sebhola end. Ngemuva kwezingxenye nemishini, uhlelo lwe-workpiece ukuxhumanisa uhlelo kanye nethuluzi lomshini lokuhlanganisa uhlelo lunokuxhumana okuthile. Ngemuva kokuthi uhlelo lokuxhumanisa i-WorkPiece setha, inani lokuqala lokuxhumanisa le-block yokuqala kusuka endaweni yokubeka ithuluzi; Inani lokuxhumanisa le-Tool Setting Point kuthuluzi lomshini lokuxhumanisa uhlelo lokusebenza (x0, y0). Lapho uhlelo lwenani eliphelele, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ithuluzi lokubeka ithuluzi nemvelaphi yokusebenza kungahlangana, bangama-X2 ne-Y2; Lapho uhlelo lwenani elikhuphukayo, lapho ithuluzi lokubeka ithuluzi lihambisana nemvelaphi ye-WorkPee, inani lokuxhumanisa le-block yokuqala yilapho i-X2 ne-y2 hhayi ngaphezulu, yi (x1 + x2), y1 + y2). I-TOOL Setset Point akusona kuphela ukuqala kohlelo, kepha futhi ukuphela kohlelo. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele ukunemba okuphindaphindiwe kwephuzu lokubeka ithuluzi ekukhiqizeni i-batch. Ukunemba kungabhekwa ngenani lokuxhumanisa (x0, y0) kwendawo yokubeka ithuluzi kude nemvelaphi yomshini. Ukubizwa okubizwa ngokuthi "Umshini Wokuqala" kubhekiswe endaweni ebekiwe yomkhawulo kuthuluzi lomshini. Isibonelo, nge-lathe, kusho iphuzu lokuhlangana phakathi kwesikhungo sokuguqulwa komgwaqo omkhulu we-lathe kanye nobuso bokuphela kwekhanda le-chuck. Lapho ithuluzi lidinga ukuguqulwa ngesikhathi senqubo mail maching, iphuzu lokushintsha kwamathuluzi kufanele libuswe. Iphuzu lokubizwa elibizwa nge- "Ithuluzi lokushintsha" liwukuqonda komnikazi wamathuluzi lapho kukhonjisiwe futhi kuguqulwe. Leli phuzu lingaba iphuzu elihleliwe (njengethuluzi lomshini wesikhungo semishini, ukuqondiswa kwamathuluzi okushintsha kwamathuluzi kulungisiwe), noma iphuzu lokuphikisana (njenge-lathe). Iphuzu lokushintshwa kwamathuluzi kufanele litholakale ngaphandle kwe-WorkPee noma i-FICTRE, futhi umnikazi wamathuluzi awathinti umsebenzi noma ezinye izingxenye lapho kukhonjisiwe. Inani elibekiwe linganqunywa ngezindlela ezisebenzayo zokulinganisa noma zokubalwa kwezimali.
8. Indlela yokucubungula iyanqunywa nakanjani
Kumashini we-CNC, indlela ye-TOOL TOOP GATION Point ehlobene nokunyakaza kwe-WorkPiecle ibizwa ngokuthi yimishini. Lapho uhlelo, kukhona amaphuzu alandelayo ukuthola ubude bendlela yokucubungula:
1) Indlela yokucubungula kufanele iqinisekise ukunemba nokuphikisana okungaphezulu kwezingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe, futhi amandla kufanele abe phezulu.
2) Yenza ukubalwa kwezinombolo kube lula ukunciphisa inani lomsebenzi wokuhlela.
3) Indlela yokucubungula kufanele ibe emfushane kakhulu, ukuze inciphise ingxenye yohlelo kanye nesikhathi sethuluzi elingenalutho. Endabeni ye-degree nokunye, kufanele kube ukudlula okukodwa, noma ukudlula okuningi ukuqedela ukucubungula, futhi kwinqubo yokugaya, noma ngabe ukhetha phansi ukugaya noma up-curgal milling, njll.
Kumathuluzi omshini we-CNC olawulwa amaphoyinti, kuphela ukunemba okuphezulu okudingekayo, futhi inqubo yokubeka isikhundla ishesha ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi indlela yokuhamba yethuluzi elihlobene ne-Workiecle ayisebenzi. Ngakho-ke, amathuluzi anjalo omshini kufanele ahlele indlela yamathuluzi ngokuya ngebanga elifushane kunawo wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilinganiso sokunyakaza se-axial sethuluzi kumele sinqunywe. Ubukhulu bunqunywa ikakhulukazi ngokujula kwembobo yengxenye yakwaMashini, kepha ezinye izikali ezisizayo kufanele nazo kufanele zibhekwe, njengebanga lesingeniso kanye nenani le-toprun lelo thuluzi.
